Educational Psychology

                                                                                                     Module 5:  Chapter 12: Motivation in Learning and Teaching Summary:        In Chapter 12 there were four traits that stood out to me, motivation, goals, learned-helplessness, and self-worth, which I believe are of utmost importance. Woolfolk begins by writing about motivation. She declares, "motivated students put out more effort, persist longer, learn more, and score higher on tests" (pg. 462). There are three types of motivation, Amotivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation.       - Woolfolk states, "Amotivation is a complete lack of any intent to act- no engagement at all" (p...

  Module 4:  Chapter 9: Complex Cognitive Processes Summary:   1) Megacognition: is self-regulation on your own knowledge of how you process information. It is a higher-order knowledge about your own thinking and your ability to use knowledge to manage your Cognitive processing, comprehension, and problem-solving.  2) Learning Strategies: are numerous strategies one can use in the learning process. Each one has a specific method and usefulness. For instance, repetition, rote learning, summarizing, outlining, highlighting, mnemonic remembering, taking notes, visual tools such as; concept maps, Venn, and tree diagrams. 3)  Problem Solving: is identifying problems, finding solvable problems, turning them into an opportunity, Defining goals, focusing attention or relevance, understanding the words or whole problem.  4) Critical Thinking and Argumentation: is intentionally bringing your clearest thinking to shape your beliefs and direct your actions on effortful...

Module 3:  Chapter 7: Behavioral Views of Learning Summary:        Aristotle wrote one of the earliest expectations of learning. He stated that there were three principles of remembering things; when they are similar when they contrast, and when they are contiguous. The principles of contiguity are the most important that are included in all explanations of learning association (pg. 264). It states that when two or more sensations are together they will become associated. Contiguity also has a major role in Classical Conditioning.       Classical focuses on the learning of involuntary emotional or physiological responses such as fear, increased muscle tension, salivation, or sweating. These reactions are called respondents which are automatic responses to stimuli (pg. 265). Humans and animals can be taught and trained using Classical Conditioning.       Classical Conditioning was discovered by Russian Physiologist Ivan Pav...

  Module 2:  Chapter 4: Learning Differences and Learning Needs Summary:        This chapter covered a lot of ground discussing intelligence, but Woolfolk also writes about the importance of creativity.  Creativity: What it is and why it matters: There are two elements:       - Novelty/originality and high quality/effectiveness/usefulness (pg. 133).      Woolfolk states that most psychologists agree that there is no such thing as "all-purpose creativity". She says that people are creative in a particular area and that there is a deep understanding of that subject using existing knowledge and improvising to invent something new. This must be intended. (pg. 133)       But there is a "Teacher of the Year" that stated that creativity can be learned. She said that "it is a habit of mind that involves nurturing enthusiasm and being open to new ideas (pg. 134). Woolfolk declares that with all the problems...